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  1. Existence is unhappiness.

  2. Everything in life brings suffering, birth, responding to needs and death. Origin of suffering is in needs, wants and desires of men and being attached to material values (illusions of the senses).

  3. Unhappiness is caused by selfish cravings or passions.

  4. Selfish cravings can be eliminated by renunciation desires and following the eight-fold path:
    1. Right views, understanding and vision.
    2. Right purpose, aspiration and intention.
    3. Right speech.
    4. Right vocation and honest livelihood.
    5. Right conduct and action.
    6. Right effort and dedication.
    7. Right alertness and mindfulness.
    8. Right concentration and meditation.
Lama, the devoted people to Buddhism, can be classified into four groups as given below
  • Lama : 1 - Nigma – Guru Padmasambhawa – Origin Nepal – Sherpa, Tamang, Gurung.
  • Lama : 2 - Kagyu – Karmapa, Syamarpa , Dukpa Rempoche –Origin Bhutan.
  • Lama : 3 - Sakya – Origin Mustangi Lama -Origin Mustang
  • Lama : 4 - Gelegu – Bhhichhu, Dalai Lama, Panchen Lama, Lama Jhopa- Origin Tibet

Bodhisattvas (humans that reached enlightenment), honoured often are
Padmapani who holds a lotus flower and is master or reincarnations.
Manjushri is honored as bearer of wisdom by Buddhists and Hindus. He holds the Book of Knowledge in the left hand and a sword to strike ignorance with right.
Art and Buddhism
A historical look demonstrates that artistic expression reflects the religious and ethnic diversity within the valley. Nepalese art became prominent in the 13th century through the work of Balbahu, also known as Araniko. He was an architect for the King of Tibet and possibly the Emperor of China. Nepalese art is recognized for its candour ,simplicity and harmony finely balanced with intricacy and decoration. The Malla dynasty promoted all forms of artistic expression from the 14th to the 19th centuries, it was during this time that most of the temples and famous works on art to be seen today within the valley were constructed. Tibetan forms of expressions influenced art in the valley beginning in the 17th century, Tantric and Buddhist themes introduced greater differentiation between Nepalese and Indian art.

Ninth Reincarnation of Vishnu :
 1 : Adibuddhas : ( Swayambhunath stupa is dedicated to Adibuddha )
Vajradhara ( wielder of the Thunderbolt )
Vajrasattva ( Soul of the Thunderbolt, He is also considered as a priest of Dhyani Buddha ).
 

2 : Dhyani Buddha :  ( Buddha in Meditation )
Vairocana: ( Brilliant light, centre direction, White colour, Lion, Ether )
Akshobhya: (Unagitated, East direction, Blue colour, Elephant, Water )
Ratnasambhava: (Precious Birth, South direction, Yellow colour, Horse, Earth )
Amoghasiddhi:( Infalliable power, North direction, Green colour, Garuda, Air )
Amitabha: (Infinite Light, West direction, Red colour, Peacock, Fire )
 

3 : Manusi Buddha : ( Mortal Buddha )
Krakuchanda
Kanakamuni
Kasyapa
Sakyamuni
Maitreya
 

4 : Buddha
Dipankara Buddha
Kasyapa Buddha
Gautam Buddha
Maitreya Buddha
Bhaisajyaguru Buddha
 

5 : Dhyani Bodhisattvas : (Spritual son of Dhyani Buddha )
Samantbhara
Vajrapani
Ratnapani
Avalokitesswora
Viswapani
Manjushri
 

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